Die

(muth, gawa`; apothnesko, teleutao): "To die," etc., is of very frequent occurrence, and in the Old Testament is generally the translation of muth, meaning perhaps originally, "to be stretched out" or "prostrate." "To die," should be the consequence of eating the forbidden fruit (Gen 2:17; compare Gen 20:7; 2 Kgs 1:4; 2 Kgs 1:6). "Die" is commonly used of natural death (Gen 5:8; Gen 25:8). It is used also of violent death (Gen 26:9; Gen 26:11; Exod 21:20); punitive (Exod 19:12; Exod 21:12; Exod 21:14; Exod 28:43; Num 4:15; Ezek 3:1); as the result of willfulness or indifference (Prov 10:21; Prov 15:10; Prov 19:16). To die "the death of the righteous" is something to be desired (Num 23:10).

In the New Testament the word for "to die," etc., is generally apothnesko, "to die off or away," used of dying in all forms: of natural death (Matt 22:24); of violent death (John 11:50; John 11:51; John 19:7; Acts 25:11); of the death of Christ (John 12:33); of death as the consequence of sin (John 8:21; John 8:24; Rom 8:13); teleutao, "to end (life)," also occurs several times (Matt 15:4); thnesko, "to die," occurs once (John 11:21), and apollumi, "to destroy" (John 18:14); in Acts 25:16 (Textus Receptus) we have eis apoleian, "to destruction."

Figurative Use:

The figurative use of "to die" is not frequent, if indeed it ever occurs. In 1 Sam 25:37 it may be equivalent to "faint," "His heart died within him, and he became as a stone," but this may be meant literally. In Amos 2:2 it is said that Moab "shall die," i. e. perish as a nation. Paul describes the condition of the apostles of Christ as "dying, and behold, we live" (2 Cor 6:9), and says, "I die daily" (1 Cor 15:31), but the references may be to exposure to death. When in Rom 7:9 he says, "When the commandment came .... I died," he may mean that it rendered him liable to death. In Rom 6:2 we have "we who died to sin," i.e. in Christ, and in our acceptance of His death as representing ours; similarly we read in 2 Cor 5:14, "One died for all, therefore all died" (Revised Version (British and American)), i.e. representatively, and in Col 2:20 "if ye died with Christ"; 3:3, "for ye died," the Revised Version (British and American) (in Christ). Compare 2 Tim 2:11; 1 Pet 2:24. Of the changes in the Revised Version (British and American) may be mentioned "abode" for "died" (Gen 25:18, margin "or settled, Hebrew fell"); "he that is to die" for "worthy of death" (Deut 17:6); "died" for "are dead" (John 6:49; John 6:58, and the American Standard Revised Version John 8:52; John 8:53); "though he die" for "were dead" (John 11:25); "many died" for "were dead" (Rom 5:15); "died for nought" for "in vain" (Gal 2:21); "when his end was nigh" for "died" (Heb 11:22). Of special importance are the changes from "be, are, were, dead" in Rom 6:2; Rom 6:7; Rom 6:8; 2 Cor 5:14; Col 2:20; Col 3:3; 2 Tim 2:11, and "having died" for "being dead" in 1 Pet 2:24, as bringing out the truth that in the sight of God all men died in Christ. See also Death.

W. L. Walker