Presume; Presumptuous; Presumptuously

pre-zum', pre-zump'-tu-us, pre-zump'-tu-us-li: "To presume" ("to take or go beforehand") is to speak or act without warrant or proudly. In the Old Testament the words are for the most part the translation of zudh, and zidh, "to boil up" (as water), and derivatives; hence, to act proudly, to speak unauthorizedly, etc. (Deut 18:20; Deut 18:22, of the prophet; Exod 21:14; Deut 1:43; Deut 17:12; Deut 17:13; Ps 19:13, "presumptuous sins" (zedh, "proud"); compare Ps 86:14; Ps 119:21, etc.; Prov 21:24, etc.). Other words are male', "to fill," "to be full" (Esth 7:5, "presume"); `aphal, "to lift oneself up" (Num 14:44); beyadh ramah, "with a high hand" (Num 15:30, the Revised Version (British and American) "with a high hand"); in 2 Pet 2:10 tolmetes, "bold," "daring," is translated "presumptuous," the Revised Version (British and American) "daring"; in 2 Macc 3:24; 5:15 we have katatolmao; thrasus, is rendered "presumption" in 2 Macc 5:18, the Revised Version (British and American) "daring deed."

W. L. Walker